EPOCH IDEAS

  Privatization Of Public Sector:   Meaning : It means the transfer of ownership, management, and control of the public sector                            enterprises to the private sector.             Privatization of the public sector companies by selling off parts of the equity of PSEs to the    public is known as disinvestment . Ways of Privatization:           Govt. companies are transformed into private companies in two ways: Transfer of Ownership:              (i) By withdrawal of the Govt. from ownership and management of public sector companies.           (ii) By the outright sale of public sector companies.        2. Disinvestment:                     (i) Privatization of the public sector undertaking b...

Hindu Marriage Act, 1955: Why in News? The Supreme Court recently said mere registration of marriage in absence of a proper ceremony would not be valid under the Hindu Marriage Act. What is Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 (HMA Act) It  codifies  the  law relating to marriage among Hindus . It not only  provides for  the  ceremonies and registration  for Hindu marriage but also lays down rules regarding  Divorce. Key Features: A  Hindu by birth or by conversion  is the subject of the HMA  Act . The definition of Hindu under the HMA Act  includes Buddhist, Jain, and Sikh  as well. Marriageable age : The  bridegroom  must be at  least 21 years old,  and the  bride  must be at  least 18 years old  when they get married. Marriage among minors is punishable  with imprisonment upto 3 years and/or fine upto Rs 1 lakh. Significance of ceremonies: Customary practices  (customs/ long-term us...

Online shopping Introduction:  Online shopping can be considered as sub – category of e-commerce. Online Shopping in India has gone very famous and these a day’s mostly people are buying products online revealed by an online survey done in India. It is actually very simple; if you have internet connection then you can do online shopping.  There are many schemes on online shopping and most of the people do online shopping to get the maximum comfort by allowing shopping themselves from their home. India is a big market that is growing day by day.  Online shopping revenue of India was $14 billion in 2012 and number of online shopping users was 19.2 million. Online shopping has doubled to $14 billion in 2012 from $6.3 billion in 2011. This figure is likely to reach $ 38 billion by 2014. In this fast paced competition, the Indian online shoppers have specific expectations for online shopping websites in INDIA.  First of all, in India on line shoppers have started exp...

Things to do Before, During, and After Your Interview The impression you make on the interviewer often can outweigh your actual credentials. Your poise, attitude, basic social skills, and ability to communicate are evaluated along with your experience and education. Be on time This often means 10-15 minutes early. Interviewers often are ready before the appointment. Know the interviewer’s name,  its  spelling, and pronunciation . Use it during the interview. If you don’t know the name, call beforehand and ask the secretary. Also, note the secretary’s name in case you have to call back. Secretaries can influence the hiring decision! Have some questions of your own prepared in advance. There is nothing wrong with having a short list of questions and thoughts- it shows you have done your research and want to know more about the organization and the position. Bring several copies of your resume. Also, bring a copy of your transcript. Carry your papers in an organized manner. Have ...

What is Digital Payment? Digital payments are transactions that occur via digital or online modes. This means both the payer and the payee use electronic mediums to exchange money. The Government of India has taken several measures to promote and encourage digital payments. As part of the ‘Digital India’ campaign, the government aims to create a ‘digitally empowered’ economy that is ‘faceless, paperless, and cashless’. There are various methods and types of digital payments. You must note that digital payments can take place through the Internet as well as on physical premises. Here are some examples of digital payments, buying something from e-commerce platforms and paying for it via UPI (unified payments interface) qualifies as a digital payment. Similarly, if you purchase something from your local grocery store and choose to pay via UPI, that also is a digital payment.  Now that you clearly understand what is digital payment, let us understand the process of payments. How Does D...

  What is Unemployment? Unemployment occurs when a person who is  actively searching for employment is unable to find work. Unemployment is often used as a  measure of the health of the economy. NSO  defines employment and unemployment on the  following activity statuses of an individual: Working (engaged in an economic activity) i.e.,  'Employed'. Seeking or available for work i.e.,  'Unemployed'. Neither seeking nor available for work. The first two constitute the  labour force  and unemployment rate is the  percent of the labour force  that is without work. Unemployment rate  = (Unemployed Workers / Total labour force) × 100. What are Different Types of Unemployment? Disguised Unemployment: It is a phenomenon wherein  more people are employed than actually needed. It is primarily traced in the  agricultural and the unorganised sectors  of India. Seasonal Unemployment:  It is an unemployment that occurs ...